Understanding how proteins interact with each other to form functional complexes at the atomic level is key to understanding biological processes. Progress in structural characterization, modeling, and analytical sensitivity has deepened insights into binding interfaces, multivalent interactions, an
Nanodisc-based platforms have emerged as an approach to therapeutic antibody discovery and drug development, especially for membrane protein (MP) targets such as cell surface receptors, transporters, ion channels, and membrane-bound enzymes.Recent research highlights the full potential of ther
Cancer remains a leading cause of death globally, and the projected77% increasein incidence by 2050 highlights the limitations of current therapies such as chemotherapy and radiation. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), which couple monoclonal antibodies with cytotoxic drugs, emerged to imp
Despite decades of therapeutic innovation, cancer remains the second leading cause of death globally, accounting for approximately 10 million deaths annually. While conventional chemotherapeutics remain a mainstay of treatment, their nonspecific cytotoxicity often results in systemic toxicity, off-t
Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), also known as VHH antibodies or nanobodies, are the smallest functional fragments of antibodies, consisting of a single variable domain derived from heavy-chain-only antibodies found in camelids or engineered from human immunoglobulin frameworks. Despite their small
Resistance to treatment continues to limit the long-term success of many therapies. In oncology, cancers may evade antibody-based treatments through mechanisms such as antigen loss, impaired intracellular trafficking, or suppression of immune responses. To address these challenges, researchers are d
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) couple the specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the cytotoxic potency of chemotherapeutic agents. Recent advances have been reported in both hematologic and solid tumors, with next-generation ADCs overcoming limitations of traditional therapies through improved t
Non–small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Since 2011, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved over 30 new therapies for advanced NSCLC, primarily tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Biologic age
The rational design and optimization of therapeutic antibodies is increasingly being improved with high-resolution structural data and machine learning (ML) frameworks that can model complex antibody-antigen interactions. Recent research highlights a movement toward the use of large-scale, curated s
Recent studies highlighttheleveraging of distinct immunological functions of IgE to augment or replace conventional IgG1-based therapies, particularly for treatment-resistant solid tumors. Building on growing evidence of IgE’s pro-inflammatory, tumor-reprogramming capabilities, novel hy
Natural killer (NK) cell-based therapies are rapidly gaining traction as immunotherapies, offering advantages over traditional T cell-based approaches, particularly in safety and specificity. While T cell engagers (TCEs) have demonstrated clinical efficacy, their use is limited by toxicities such as
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow, often resulting in anemia, bone lesions, hypercalcemia, and renal dysfunction.