Antibody-Drug Conjugates: Transforming the Biopharma Landscape

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a transformative class of therapeutics, combining the specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the potent cytotoxic effects of small-molecule drugs. By targeting specific antigens on cancer cells, ADCs deliver highly potent payloads while sparing healthy tissues, reducing systemic toxicity, and improving therapeutic outcomes. With projected market revenues exceeding $16 billion in 2025 and continued growth through 2035, ADCs are poised to redefine precision cancer treatment and shape the next decade of oncology innovation.¹

Applications in Cancer

Approved ADCs are primarily used in treating hematological malignancies and solid tumors, including breast, ovarian, and lung cancers. Innovations in payload types, linker technology, and target antigen specificity are highlighted in the number of ongoing clinical trials (over 90 ADC candidates), which show an expanding pipeline addressing a variety of malignancies. Notably, advancements such as bispecific ADCs and combination therapies are enhancing the efficacy of these treatments and enabling their use in complex indications.

One example of this expansion is a collaboration between Daiichi Sankyo and Merck, involving a $4 billion upfront payment and a potential $22 billion over time. Announced in 2023, the partnership focuses on developing three ADC candidates targeting HER3, TROP2, and other antigens. Such global alliances underscore the industry's commitment to broadening ADC applicability and overcoming challenges in development and manufacturing.²

Related: Innovative Antibody-Drug Conjugates

Innovations Driving ADC Success

The success of ADCs relies on their three core components: the monoclonal antibody, the linker, and the cytotoxic payload. Each of these elements has seen significant advancements:

• Payloads: Modern payloads, including DNA-damaging agents and microtubule inhibitors, have improved potency and tumor-killing efficacy. Emerging payloads like MMAE, DM4, and camptothecin are gaining traction for their ability to address diverse tumor types.

• Linkers: Linker technology has evolved to optimize payload stability during systemic circulation and ensure precise release at the target site. Cleavable linkers, which respond to tumor-specific conditions (e.g., pH or enzymatic activity), are particularly promising. Non-cleavable linkers, on the other hand, offer enhanced stability for certain applications, further expanding the therapeutic toolbox.

• Target Antigens: Advances in molecular diagnostics have improved the identification of cancer-specific antigens, such as HER2, CD22, and CD30. This precision facilitates personalized treatment strategies, allowing for tailored ADCs that maximize efficacy and minimize off-target effects.

Related: Antibody-Drug Conjugates: Microtubule Inhibitors, DNA Binders, and Topoisomerase Inhibitors

Addressing Manufacturing and Commercialization Challenges

Despite the promise of ADCs, their development and commercialization face significant challenges. ADC manufacturing is complex and requires specialized facilities and expertise in conjugation chemistry. This complexity drives up production costs and poses scalability issues. Additionally, reimbursement policies for ADC therapies remain inconsistent, limiting access in certain regions.

To overcome these barriers, companies are investing in strategic partnerships and leveraging contract research organizations (CROs) such as Biointron. Emerging markets in Asia-Pacific, including China and India, are expected to play a crucial role in improving accessibility and reducing costs through evolving healthcare infrastructure and investment in ADC-focused facilities.

The Future of ADCs in Biopharma

As ADC technology matures, the industry is entering a second wave of innovation marked by next-generation candidates, expanded indications, and novel delivery mechanisms. Combination therapies that pair ADCs with immune checkpoint inhibitors or targeted therapies are showing the potential to enhance response rates and overcome resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, adopting AI and big data analytics in ADC design is streamlining drug discovery processes, accelerating clinical development timelines, and enabling better patient stratification.

Biointron provides antibody-drug conjugate products for in vivo research at Abinvivo, where we have a wide range of Benchmark Positive Antibodies, Isotype Negative Antibodies, Anti-Mouse Antibodies, Bispecific Antibodies, and Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Contact us to find out more at info@biointron.com or +86 400-828-8830 / +1(732)790-8340.

References:

1. Research and Markets. (2025, January 15). Antibody Drug Conjugates Market Outlook 2025-2035, with Forecasts for Payload Type, Linker Type, Target Antigen and Applications. GlobeNewswire News Room; Research and Markets. https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/01/15/3010226/28124/en/Antibody-Drug-Conjugates-Market-Outlook-2025-2035-with-Forecasts-for-Payload-Type-Linker-Type-Target-Antigen-and-Applications.html

2. Merck. (2023, October 19). Daiichi Sankyo and Merck Announce Global Development and Commercialization Collaboration for Three Daiichi Sankyo DXd ADCs - Merck.com. Merck.com. https://www.merck.com/news/daiichi-sankyo-and-merck-announce-global-development-and-commercialization-collaboration-for-three-daiichi-sankyo-dxd-adcs/