Healthspan and lifespan research are two distinct but interconnected areas in aging studies. Lifespan research aims to extend the total number of years an individual lives, seeking interventions that can delay the onset of age-related diseases and prolong life itself. In contrast, healthspan researc

As we age, our innate and adaptive immune system undergoes various changes, typically characterized by decreased lymphopoiesis and adaptive immunity, and increased inflammation and myeloid pathologies. Immunosenescence (the gradual deterioration of the immune system associated with ageing), makes individuals more susceptible to infections, less responsive to vaccines, and prone to the development of chronic inflammatory conditions and autoimmune diseases.